APUSH Chapter 19 power point notes

America’s History
Seventh Edition
CHAPTER 19
“Civilization’s Inferno”: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

I. The New Metropolis
The Shape of the Industrial City
1. Mass Transit and the Suburb –trolley car and invention of telephone changed transportation and communication-middle class moved to suburbs-poor stayed in urban
2. Skyscrapers-steel girders and elevators made it possible-(also Bessemer Process)
3. The Electric City-electricity allowed trains elevators street cars and subways-a modern city

I. The New Metropolis
Newcomers and Neighborhoods
1. Ethnic Neighborhoods-also divided by race and wealth-immigrants
2. African Americans-race riots- angry whites foreshadowing future violence
3. Tenements-high rise slum apartment unsanitary, overcrowded, poor ventilation, and lack of indoor plumbing led to disease-often used as sweatshops using immigrant labor

I. The New Metropolis
City Cultures
1. Urban Amusements-Newspapers-yellow journalism- Pulitzer vs Hearst
2. Ragtime Scott Joplin
3. Sex and the City-single men, gay clubs
4. Urban High Culture-libraries(Carnegie) and museums-donations
5. Investigative Journalism-Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil, Upton Sinclair –The Jungle(meatpacking) Steffans-corruption in city governments-they were muckrakers-forshadowed government reforms both municipal and national

II. Governing the Great City
Urban Machines
1. Tammany Hall-NYC –graft-depended on votes of the poor-p607-precinct captains ,ward bosses, aldermen -Boss Tweed
2. Successes and Failures-provided services for poor, made city improvements, corrupt
The Limits of Machine Government
1. The Depression of the 1890s –Panic of 1893 ended the power of Tammany Hall
2. Programs- for the public good- gyms, playgrounds, efforts to reduce crime

III. Cities as Crucibles of Reform
Public Health
1. Disease-cholera , typhoid fever, yellow fever were common, high infant mortality rate among poor immigrants
2. Pollution-disease from trash, filth, contaminated milk and food led to backlash of reforms-public awareness campaigns, clean water initiatives, muckrakers-ex. The Jungle

III. Cities as Crucibles of Reform
Campaigns Against Urban Prostitution
1. “White Slavery”-white slavery not common women turned to prostitution mostly due to low wages or domestic abuse
2. Vice Commissions

III. Cities as Crucibles of Reform
The Movement for Social Settlements
1. Hull House-Jane Addams-Chicago- aid to poor immigrants –kindergarten playgrounds, bathhouses ,education, healthcare (women and children) Florence Kelly
2. Resources and Influence
City and National Politics
1. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire-tragedy led to NYC pass strongest labor laws in USA
2. Resulting Reforms-laws regarding fire safety, labor laws involving wages for women and children

Rubric for APUSH bumper sticker project

In order to receive the highest grade for this project:

1 Research your topic to understand why this event was important the cause and both the short term and long term results of this event and the people involved in this issue
2 Write that information on the back of your sentence strip
3 On the front create a colorful and creative slogan/picture for your topic
4 Present your topic to the class on the due date
5 Turn in a list of topics presented at the end of the presentations

Good luck have fun project due Friday January 22

Chapter 19 p593-600

Key Concept 6.2 The migrations that accompanied industrialization transformed both urban and rural areas of the United States and caused dramatic cultural and social change

1 According to the intro in what ways did America change most between 1860 and 1910?
2 What was the main means of transportation within urban areas by 1900?
3 What led to the growth of suburbs? What was the difference in socio-economic status between city dwellers and suburban dwellers?
4 What inventions revolutionized urban building methods and in what way?
5 Describe the ways that electricity improved urban living
6 Where did immigrants and blacks settle? What were some of the issues they faced?
7 Describe the conditions of tenements in urban cities.
8 Use the pictures on p 600 and 606 Who was Jacob Riis? What do think is the reason he chose to photograph this part of city life? What do you think might happen as a result of his pictures?

Period 6 quiz part 1 (ch 16,17,18)

Use powerpoints, homeworks, and classnotes to study for quiz tomorrow Combination of multiple choice questions and 2 short extended response.

Period 6 Thesis statement

Use the thesis statement given to prove the thesis with 3 historical categories of proof. Be able to provide details and examples of each category of proof:
Answer in a paragraph (Must do 2 out of 3)

16 Following the Civil War government assistance for transportation and western settlement both benefitted and harmed people in the West.

17 Corporations use of technology and business strategies led to better and cheaper products but also an increase in the income gap between rich and poor.

18 As more women entered the work force their place in the public sphere increased, most notably in social reform movements.

Chapter 18 Power point notes from class

America’s History
Seventh Edition
CHAPTER 18
The Victorians Meet the Modern,
1880-1917
I. Women, Men, 
and the Solitude of Self
Changes in Family Life
1. The “Average” Family
2. Rural Youth
The Rise of High School
1. Boys and Girls
2. Curriculum

I. Women, Men,
and the Solitude of Self
College Men and Women
1. African American Education-
Booker T Washington advocated economic progress but not social equality for blacks-later criticized for accepting status quo treatment of blacks
2. Higher Education for Women
Masculinity and the Rise of Sports
1. The YMCA and “Muscular Christianity”
2. America’s Game
3. Rise of the Negro Leagues
4. American Football

I. Women, Men,
and the Solitude of Self
The Great Outdoors
1. Preservation-the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, Acadia National Park (Maine), The Lacey Act led to The Grand Canyon
2. Environmentalists-John Muir founded the Sierra Club ,the Audubon Society, Teddy Roosevelt Americas greatest environmental president

II. Women in the Public Sphere
Negotiating Public Space
1. The Circus-family entertainment
2. “First Class”-Pullman cars designed for comfort of women and families
From Female Moral Authority to Feminism
1. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union- spoke out against domestic abuse and neglect caused by alcohol-main goal was prohibition
2. Women, Race, and Patriotism-Daughters of American Revolution (also Confederate and Colored Women organizations
3. Feminism- movement that called for equal pay,suffrage, and social equality for women

II. Domesticity Goes Public
Domesticity and Missions—female reformers traveled on Christian missions to Indian reservations ,Asia, Africa, and the Middle East
1. Women’s Work
2. Overseas Missions-begun justification for future Western imperialism

III. Science and Faith
Darwinism and Its Critics
1. Theory-strongest species adapt and thrive
2. Social Darwinism-the wealthy are stronger and smarter than the poor-God favors them-their success is deserved and good for all (Sumner)encouraged government to adopt laizze-faire policy towards corporations-faced much justified criticism
3. Eugenics-inferior races should stop breeding sometimes involved sterilization-justified segregation and discriminization
Realism in the Arts
1. Naturalism
2. Modernism

III. Science and Faith
Religion: Diversity and Innovation
1. Immigrant Faiths-rise of Catholic churches and schools
2. Protestant Innovations-the Social Gospel focused on helping the needy-movement to renew religious faith-led to rise of Salvation Army
3. Fundamentalists- believed Bible is literal word of God-backlash against secular, scientific movement-Billy Sunday opposed immigration ,socialism, and alcohol

Chapter 18 p579-to end of chapter

1 How did Americans belief in science vs religion begin to change during the Gilded Age?
2 Explain the philosophy of social darwinism How did Sumner justify the wealth of millionaires? What was the opposing view?
3 How did eugenics lead to racial discrimination and immigration restrictions?
4 Describe the Social Gospel p 585-586 What were some of the results?
5 Describe fundamentalism. What movement of the same time period does this contradict?
6 What was Billy Sundays message and why was he popular?

Chapter 17 power point notes from class

America’s History
Seventh Edition
CHAPTER 17
The Busy Hive: Industrial America
at Work, 1877-1911
I. Business Gets Bigger
Rise of the Corporation-began with railroad “pools” and headed by famous capitalists like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Vanderbilt
1. Vertical Integration-business practice in which one company controls all aspects of production including raw materials and transportation (Swift, Carnegie)
2. Standard Oil and the Rise of the Trusts-Rockefellers Standard Oil-horizontal integration involved mergers that led to trusts (monopoly)

I. Business Gets Bigger
Consumer Culture-technology led to more and better and cheaper products-ex. Thomas Edison invented the lightbulb, phonograph and moving pictures
1. The Department Store- Woolworths (first department store chain) A&P (first grocery chain)
2. Modern Advertising-ads and billboards used to advertise products –intensified the consumer culture-(Sears and Montgomery Wards-mail order stores)

I. Business Gets Bigger
The Corporate Workplace
1. The Managerial Revolution-white collar and blue collar workers
2. Women in the Corporate Workplace-single women worked as clerks, typists, secretaries Married women stayed home for piecework
3. Company Salesmen

I. Business Gets Bigger
On the Shop Floor
1. Skilled Workers-lost autonomy with the arrival of mass production
2. Mass Production-produced goods faster and cheaper Unskilled labor could be paid less
3. Scientific Management-in theory got maximum output from worker by using a stopwatch and incentive of higher pay for more production

II. Immigrants, East and West
Newcomers from Europe
1. West-”OLD” immigrants-mostly English, Irish, and German
2. East-” NEW immigrants-mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe- Italian, Russian ,Jewish

II. Immigrants, East and West
Asian Americans and Exclusion
1. Immigrants-many expected to make money and return home one-third did (sojourners) experienced harsh travel to America and low paying, dangerous factory jobs
2. Chinese-came to west coast to find gold and work on railroads-faced hostility and racism-barred from joining labor unions-public forced the Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 denied almost all Chinese women and most men entry into the United States-prohibited from applying for citizenship

III. Labor Gets Organized
The Emergence of a Labor Movement
1. Trade Unions-labor unions negotiated directly with employers-some led to violent strikes and organizers could be arrested or blacklisted
2. Agrarians- The Grange 1867 farmers alliance
3. Greenback-Labor Party-Farmer backed third party that advocated an 8 hour work day and more greenbacks in circulation
The Knights of Labor- first major union in US
1. A Cooperative Commonwealth-grassroots movement “wildcat strikes”
2. Haymarket Square-1886 violent strike in Chicago involving anarchists and a bomb-employers blamed Knights of Labor and violently broke up future strikes

III. Labor Gets Organized
Farmers and Workers: The Cooperative Alliance
1. Farmers’ Alliance-proposed cooperatives and a govt. price support system 1880s
2. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)-one of first government regulatory agencies-created to oversee railroads and stop abuse of power

III. Labor Gets Organized
Another Path:
The American Federation of Labor (AFL)-”brotherhood” of skilled workers that advocated a closed shop-keeping out low wage workers-also did accept blacks,women or unskilled workers
1. Samuel Gompers- famous leader of the AFL-
2. “Pure and Simple Unionism” aka bread and butter unionism-AFL goal did not involve a political alliance –goal was better wages ,hours and working conditions achieved through collective bargaining

Chapter 18 p 567-576

1 Use p 569-570 Preservation to list at least 5 examples of how Americans of this time period both enjoyed and preserved national beauty and wildlife
2 How was the role of women in public life changing in the late 1800s?
3 How did PT Barnum, the Pullman Company, and department stores appeal to a female audience?
4 Explain maternalism
5 Make a list of reforms/causes that were the focus of the Womens Christian Temperance Union(WCTU)
6 What were the DAR and the UDC and what was the similar union of black women?
7 Explain the goals of feminism

Periods 1-5 Cumulative test

Due to some of our less than honest students stealing and using test answers there will be 2 different versions of this test one will be stimulus based and include a writing portion while one will be 55 multiple choice questions Each of those tests will also have different versions

Period 1 1491-1607-pre-Columbian native culture,European interaction with natives and its effects,the Columbian Exchange

Period 2 1607-1754 Spanish,French,Dutch, and English settlements in America, compare colonies based on region, mercantilism,Navigation Acts, salutary neglect,Puritans, chattel slave trade

Period 3 1754-1800 Albany Congress, French and Indian War, Treaty of Paris, Pontiacs Rebellion, Enlightenment,First Great Awakening, taxation, Common Sense, War for Independence, Articles of Confederation, Constitution, federalists vs anti federalists,Indian conflicts, Jefferson vs Hamilton

Period 4 1800-1848 Revolution of 1800, Marbury vs Madison, John Marshall, The American System,Louisiana Purchase,War of 1812 Second Great Awakening,Antebellum Reforms, abolitionists, market revolution, Lowell factory, Jacksonian Era, Second Party System (Whigs), mass democracy and rise of common man,Missouri Compromise

Period 5 Manifest Destiny,War with Mexico, Best Treaty in the World,Third Party System (Republicans), Southern secession, Civil War,Reconstruction, amendments,South home rule and Jim Crow segregation

Examples of major themes through all Periods

state vs federal power (examples nullification,poplar sovrenty-ok forgot how to spell it)
Changing indentities of sub groups-white males,women blacks both free and slave,Indians
Political ideologies of parties and factions (ex federalists vs democrat-republican)